The present application discloses a key security management system and a key security management method, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program. The key security management system includes a security host and a hardware security device. The security host is configured to receive a first operation request, verify the first operation request, and generate a second operation request based on the first operation request when the verification is passed, wherein the first operation request and the second operation request both include an identification. The hardware security device is configured to receive the second operation request from the security host, verify the second operation request, parse the second operation request to obtain a type of the second operation request when the verification is passed, and perform an operation related to a key pair associated with the identification based on the type of the second operation request, wherein the key pair includes a public key and a private key specific to the identification.