The present invention discloses a keyboard based on key position layout and an input method thereof applied to an electronic device. The keyboard includes a keyboard body. The keyboard body is provided with a main key area formed by 25 keys, and 28 letter key positions are arranged in the main key area and are configured to display 28 input method letters. The input method letters are Chinese phonetic letters, calligraphical code letters or English Latin letters. On virtual keys of a virtual keyboard, dynamic substitution between input method letters in letter key positions is performed to display a currently used input method.