According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a negative electrode active material includes metal-silicon-carbon based particles including a MaSibC matrix, wherein M in the MaSibC matrix is one or more selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Na, Ca, and Al, 0.35≤a≤1, and 1≤b≤2. Since at the time of charging and discharging a battery, formation of an irreversible phase may be minimized by the MaSibC matrix, initial efficiency of the battery may be improved, and electrical conductivity, physical strength, and chemical stability may be improved, such that capacity and lifecycle characteristics of the battery may be improved.