An inflatable neck traction device includes a supporting portion and a bearing portion. The height of the top surface of the bearing portion is lower than that of the supporting portion. The supporting portion has a neck support body and two shoulder abutting bodies, and can be provided therein with a first airbag and two second airbags. An inflation device can be connected to the airbags. When a user rests on the device in a supine position, the top surface of the neck support body supports the neck, and the shoulder abutting bodies abut against the shoulders. The inflation device inflates or deflates the airbags to displace the neck support body along a first axis and the shoulder abutting bodies along a second axis to change the force exerted by the neck support body and shoulder abutting bodies on the neck and shoulders to achieve cervical traction effects.