An anti-wave floating photovoltaic device comprises a folding panel frame, an elastic support leg, a buoy and a self-locking support rod. The folding panel frame includes multiple unit frames and configured to be folded or unfolded by Miura folding. The adjacent unit frames are connected by a hinge mechanism and a photovoltaic panel is provided on the front side of the folded panel frame. The elastic support leg includes a V-shaped support rod and a U-shaped support rod with a changeable opening and providing elasticity through springs. The buoy includes a power buoy, an intermediate buoy and a driven buoy. The power buoy connects the intermediate buoy and the driven buoy through a rod.