A sorting-based garbage classification method and a sorting-based garbage classification device are provided. The method utilizes quantitative features of domestic garbage components and adopts bubble sort algorithm to build a sorting model to sort and classify domestic garbage. The method is more in line with technical requirements of downstream incineration, pyrolysis gasification and so on, and has the features of high fault tolerance rate and high operation efficiency, and is characterized by controllable environmental impact, flexible product form and high energy utilization efficiency in the operation process.