This application discloses a data coding method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method involves a data transmission related technology in a cloud technology, and includes: acquiring at least two coding units in an image frame in video data, acquiring motion vector information of each coding unit of the at least two coding units, determining overall average vector information of the image frame based on the motion vector information of each coding unit, determining component average vector information of the image frame in a reference direction based on component vector information of the motion vector information of each coding unit in the reference direction, determining a frame execution policy of the image frame for a motion search operation in the reference direction according to the overall average vector information and the component average vector information, and encoding the image frame according to the determined frame execution policy.