Provided is a cooling module to which a microporous cooling structure is applied, and a method of locally and conformally cooling a mold using the same. The cooling module to which a microporous cooling structure is applied which is installed at each high temperature region inside a mold core and allows supplied cooling fluid to flow thereinto to perform local and conformal cooling on a mold may include a body part inserted into the mold core, a microporous cooling structure which is inserted into an upper portion of the body part and in which micro unit cells are periodically and repeatedly formed to form a plurality of connected hollow portions, and a cooling channel including a conduit configured to pass the cooling fluid through the microporous cooling structure.