A device for controlling deformation of a large-scale crankshaft comprising a crankshaft holder that is arranged for fixing the crankshaft so that the crankshaft is aligned with an axis; a regulatory bracket that is arranged on the crankshaft holder at a position corresponding to the crankshaft; and a high-energy acoustic beam transducer that is arranged on the bracket and is provided with an end part coupled with the crankshaft. The crankshaft is fixed through the crankshaft holder, high-energy ultrasonic waves are injected into the crankshaft by the transducer, mass points in the crankshaft are driven to vibrate along the acoustic beam direction, and machining residual stress of the crankshaft is removed through the high-energy acoustic beam to realize the regulation and control of the residual stress in the material in the specific direction, so that machining precision of the crankshaft is ensured and machining deformation of the crankshaft is reduced.