A gesture detection system is disclosed. The gesture detection system includes a gesture detection sensor including a base sheet formed of a skin-conformable material, to be tightly attached to a skin, a sensing part formed at the base sheet, to measure deformation of the skin, and an electrode pattern formed at the base sheet and connected, at one end thereof, to the sensing part, to transmit an electrical signal varying in accordance with the deformation of the skin, a reader module connected to the gesture detection sensor, to read the electrical signal, and a computing device configured to receive the electrical signal from the reader module, thereby recognizing a gesture of the user. Through disposable use of the gesture detection sensor and multiple use of the reader module and the computing device, a hygienic gesture input environment may be provided to a plurality of users at low cost.