A battery cooling system includes: a heating element for performing a resistance function of a battery to be subjected to a cooling test; a heating-load controller for controlling a heating load of the heating element according to a thermal model; an environment controller for controlling at least one battery cooling environment parameter such as outdoor temperature and initial temperature; a power supply for applying a current for each evaluation condition by connecting a charger/discharger to the heating element; a cooling processing part for supplying a cooling fluid such as air, coolant, or a refrigerant at a constant temperature and flow rate; and a cooling performance determination part for measuring a temperature of a battery cell over time and determining whether a target performance of the battery is satisfied.