An artificial propagation method of Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous, comprising placing female and male parent fish in a sterilized culture container in which a black cave simulant is placed in advance, strictly controlling the environmental parameters of the parent fish culture. The method realizes natural spawning and sperm production of S. rhinocerous under artificial conditions without using oxytocin. There is no oxytocin used in the artificial propagation, thus not only obtaining a higher fertilization rate and incubating rate, but also reducing the aquaculture cost. The operation is simpler and faster. At the same time, different feeds are fed in different growth stages according to the different growth characteristics of each stage of S. rhinocerous fry, thereby increasing the survival rate and reducing the deformity rate of fries. Therefore, the method provided by the present disclosure realizes efficient artificial propagation method of S. rhinocerous.