A temperature control system includes: a first cooling circuit, where a first cooling medium is circulated in the first cooling circuit, and the first cooling circuit is configured to cool a first structural unit; a second cooling circuit, where a second cooling medium is circulated in the second cooling circuit, and the second cooling circuit is configured to cool a second structural unit; and a heat exchanger, separately connected to the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and configured to perform heat exchange between the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium, where the first cooling circuit includes a bypass branch, and the bypass branch is connected in parallel to the heat exchanger. According to the temperature control system, heat dissipation efficiency for an inverter and an overall heat dissipation capability for a powertrain are improved.