Data-dependent node-to-node knowledge sharing to increase the interpretability of the activation pattern of one or more nodes in a neural network, is implemented by a set of knowledge sharing links. Each link may comprise a knowledge providing node or other source P and a knowledge receiving node R. A knowledge sharing link can impose a node-specific regularization on the knowledge receiving node R to help guide the knowledge receiving node R to have an activation pattern that is more easily interpreted. The specification and training of the knowledge sharing links may be controlled by a cooperative human-AI learning supervisor system in which a human and an artificial intelligence system work cooperatively to improve the interpretability and performance of the client system.