A cylindrical secondary battery includes an electrode assembly having a positive electrode/separator/negative electrode structure positioned in a cylindrical battery can. The cylindrical secondary battery comprises: a first insulating layer mounted at the upper end of the electrode assembly and having a first through hole through which the electrode tab penetrates, and a second insulating layer mounted at the upper end of the first insulating layer and having a second through hole formed to align with a central axis of the electrode assembly. A method of manufacturing the cylindrical secondary battery is also provided.