An arithmetic operation circuit including: a variable resistance element that includes three terminals that are a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal and is configured to be able to change a resistance value; a first electrode connected to the first terminal; a second electrode; a third electrode; a first switching element connected between the second electrode and the second terminal; a second switching element connected between the third electrode and the third terminal; and a capacitor connected between a transmission line connecting the second terminal and the first switching element and the ground.