An electrode assembly includes a water-based positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, wherein the water-based positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer located on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector; and the negative electrode plate comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer located on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; at least part of surface of the water-based positive electrode plate is provided with a plurality of first micropores, and satisfies: 0.001%≤(S12×H12×D1)/(S11×C1×H11)≤1%, at least part of surface of the negative electrode plate is provided with a plurality of second micropores, and satisfies: 0