The present inventions include a rotating electromagnetic machine such as a motor or generator wherein changes of flux direction adjacent the air gap are avoided. The disclosed improvements apply to permanent magnet alternators, induction motors and generators, doubly fed induction generators, and the like. Adaptation of coils to and fixation within the required slot geometries are disclosed. Excitation systems co-located within the primary rotor core and primary stator core are also disclosed. The use of rubber vulcanized to the rotor in conjunction with a stainless steel rotor sleeve is also disclosed.