A micro-nano incremental mechanical surface treatment method, comprising the following steps: using a modification tool having a designable end to contact a surface of a substrate material, rotating the modification tool in a local region and compressing the material surface, presetting processing parameters by means of 3D modeling software, and after the tool has processed the entire surface, enabling the tool to move downwards to the indented surface compressed previously. The process continues until the surface material is compressed to a pre-defined thickness, thereby achieving the goals of grain refinement and surface performance improvement. By means of the present method, a workpiece having a complex shape can be flexibly and designably surface modified. The method has the advantages of high bonding strength, no pollution, and low cost.