A short-distance communication method includes: obtaining at least one piece of code data; sending a scheduling type indication and a data type indication to a second device, where the scheduling type indication indicates that the at least one piece of code data includes initially transmitted data, retransmitted data, or initially transmitted data and retransmitted data, and the data type indication indicates location information and/or an amount of a part or all of the at least one piece of code data; and sending the at least one piece of code data to the second device.