Disclosed are a communication method for merging, with an IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to an intelligent service (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, healthcare, digital education, retail business, security and safety-related services, and the like) on the basis of a 5G communication technology and an IoT-related technology. The present embodiment provides a method and an apparatus for a delay reduction mode operation of a base station and a terminal, and the base station of the present invention can: transmit, to the terminal, first information related to hybrid ARQ (HARQ) timing by means of higher layer signaling; transmit, to the terminal, scheduling information and second information related to the HARQ timing; transmit, to the terminal, data scheduled by the scheduling information; and receive, from the terminal, positive reception acknowledgement or negative reception acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information with respect to the data according to the HARQ timing, which is determined on the basis of the first information and the second information.