A data processing method and system provided in this disclosure may perform a boundary adjustment and encoding spectrum modulation on original data to enhance a boundary within a preset range in an original frame and smoothly decrease an amplitude of the original frame in a selected region, thereby reducing an amount of data information, reducing a data loss, and avoiding a loss of details while improving data compression efficiency; when decompressing compressed data, perform decoding spectrum modulation on the compressed data with parameters corresponding to the encoding spectrum modulation, perform a boundary correction on boundary information within the preset range to eliminate noise, and perform noise reduction on the data while restoring the data, so that decompressed data becomes clearer. The method and system can improve the data compression efficiency, improve transmission efficiency, and reduce data loss, while improving the definition of decompressed data.