Disclosed are various examples for transferring device identifying information during authentication. An enrollment request is received from a management component executed by a client device. A management service generates a unique device identifier for the client device and embeds it within a certificate to generate a device-identifying certificate. The management service instructs a certificate authority service to generate a public key that includes the unique device identifier and a private key for the client device, and provides the device-identifying certificate and the private key to the client device.