A data transmission method, apparatus, and system, a computer device, and a storage medium. The method includes: performing two-way authentication with a first interaction device; receiving encrypted interaction data obtained by encrypting interaction data based on a working key and transmitted by the first interaction device, after the two-way authentication is completed, the working key being obtained by the first interaction device by mapping an authentication key used in the two-way authentication; decrypting the encrypted interaction data according to the working key obtained by mapping the authentication key on the communication adapter; transmitting interaction data obtained through the decryption to a second interaction device through a simulated device node identifiable by the second interaction device and based on a communication protocol of the second interaction device that is natively adapted to the device node.