Techniques are described for verifying connectivity in a virtualized computing environment comprising networked computing devices having internal endpoints that are configured with operational connectivity to external endpoints. A connectivity test component is configured to execute as a virtual resource in the virtualized computing environment, execute protocol-aware connectivity tests that enable detection of connectivity errors between the internal endpoints and external endpoints, and instantiate or access network interfaces for establishing connectivity between the internal endpoints and external endpoints. A configuration file defines connectivity types between the internal endpoints and external endpoints. Based on the configuration file, the connectivity test component is executed in the virtualized computing environment. An output is generated by the connectivity test component that is indicative of results of connectivity attempts in accordance with the configuration file.