The present disclosure relates to a 5th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data rate than that of a 4th generation (4G) communication system such as long-term evolution (LTE). A method for operating a device for adaptively changing or selecting a computing structure and wireless communication protocol structure can comprise the steps of: receiving a device capability information request message of the device from a base station; determining a device capability information message indicating the computing capability and protocol capability of the device; transmitting the device capability information message to the base station; and receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message on the basis of the computing structure and protocol structure configured by the base station.