Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus, a video decoding method and apparatus, a computer-readable medium, and an electronic device, The video decoding method includes: decoding a coded block of a video image frame to obtain a target intra prediction mode corresponding to the coded block (510); in response to the target intra prediction mode belonging to a set of specified intra prediction modes, updating statistical values of the set of specified intra prediction modes, a number of the set of specified intra prediction modes being less than a total number of intra prediction modes (520); updating a most probable intra prediction mode list according to the updated statistical values of the set of specified intra prediction modes (530); and decoding another coded block of the video image frame based on the updated most probable intra prediction mode list (540). The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure can reduce the hardware implementation cost while improving the encoding and decoding performance.