Systems and methods for generating encoded text representations of spoken utterances are disclosed. Audio data is received for a spoken utterance and analyzed to identify a nonverbal characteristic, such as a sentiment, a speaking rate, or a volume. An encoded text representation of the spoken utterance is generated, comprising a text transcription and a visual representation of the nonverbal characteristic. The visual representation comprises a geometric element, such as a graph or shape, or a variation in a text attribute, such as font, font size, or color. Analysis of the audio data and/or generation of the encoded text representation can be performed using machine learning.