Disclosed in the present invention are a method and a system for monitoring unmanned aerial vehicles based on three-dimensional light field technology. Provided is an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring method based on three-dimensional light field technology, comprising: beginning unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring; by means of a light field camera, acquiring low resolution video image information; determining whether the acquired video image information is an unmanned aerial vehicle; performing graphic reconstruction on an unmanned aerial vehicle image therein; and acquiring reconstructed light field image depth and position information to monitor the unmanned aerial vehicle and emitting an alert. The method and the system for monitoring in the present invention are able to acquire a clear stereoscopic image, thus raising efficiency and accuracy in the process of unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring or detection.