This application discloses a code block identification method and related apparatus. The method includes: obtaining a code block stream, where the code block stream includes a first code block; determining a to-be-identified bit pattern and comparing the to-be-identified bit pattern with a template bit pattern to obtain a quantity of inconsistent bits; and identifying the first code block as a first boundary code block when the quantity of inconsistent bits is less than or equal to a first threshold. The to-be-identified bit pattern includes a first bit pattern and corresponds to the first code block. The template bit pattern includes a first template bit pattern and corresponds to the first boundary code block.