The present disclosure provides methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable mediums for image processing. In some embodiments, a method of image processing includes acquiring, from a user, a first image. The method further includes removing, using an image de-filter network, a filter effect applied to the first image to generate a second image. The method further includes obtaining, based on the first image and the second image, an image filter corresponding to the filter effect. The method further includes rendering a third image using the obtained image filter to output a fourth image.