A method and an apparatus for printing a hologram by using a mask are provided. A method generates a hologram fringe pattern, splits the hologram fringe pattern on a hogel basis, generates the split hogels, masks a part of the generated hogel, and prints the masked hogel on a hologram medium. Accordingly, an empty space which occurs between hogels when a hologram is printed is prevented from being generated by using a mask, so that a fill factor can be effectively enhanced, and eventually, image quality of a hologram can be enhanced.