A method and a device of intra-chip routing of neural tasks for an operating system of a brain-inspired computer are provided. The method includes determining an area defined by target cores, and determining target cores in a row furthest from an edge routing area; determining whether the target cores need to be configured with relay routing; searching nearest edge routing cores in the edge routing area for all the target cores in the area defined by the target cores; configuring the target cores in a far-to-near principle; and searching relay routing cores and the nearest edge routing cores by a shortest path manner and a maximum step length of a single routing manner.