The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for merging, with an IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate than a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail business, security-and safety-related services, and the like) on the basis of a 5G communication technology and an IoT-related technology. The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving downlink grant-free-based data.