An image is digitally watermarked to convey position data about the subject of the image, such as latitude, longitude and elevation of a point depicted therein. Additional information, e.g., about camera attributes, camera angle, and 3D warp-characterizing polynomial coefficients, can also be included. In another implementation, a method includes receiving data representing an image or video, and embedding the data with a digital watermark. The digital watermark includes a plural-bit payload having information to: i) identify a spatial position or area depicted in the image and designated as an origin, and ii) identify a position or direction relative to the origin.