In some embodiments, a carrier substrate for an integrated circuit may include a core, a first plurality of openings, and a first insulating material. The core may include a first surface and a second surface substantially opposing the first surface. The first plurality of openings may extend from the first surface to the second surface of the core. In some embodiments, the first insulating material may be applied to a surface of the first plurality of openings. In some embodiments, the first plurality of openings may include a first conductor extending through each of the first plurality of openings from the first surface to the second surface. In some embodiments, at least a first subset of the first plurality of openings may include a first charge and at least a second subset of the first plurality of openings may include a second charge. The first charge and the second charge may be different.