Provided is a red blood cell filtering apparatus comprising: a filtering film having multiple through holes; and a shell having a first opening on an upper portion of one lateral part of the shell, and a second opening on a lower portion of the other lateral part of the shell; the filtering film is accommodated in the shell. Also provided is a red blood cell filtering system comprising the red blood cell filtering apparatus, a first blood collector and a second blood collector; wherein the first blood collector has a first connecting opening, and the first connecting opening is connected with the first opening through the first connecting apparatus; the second blood collector has a second connecting opening, and the second connecting opening is connected with the second opening through the second connecting apparatus.