A multi-loop resonance structure and a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna communication system. The multi-loop resonance structure includes a metal floor, a first feed branch plate, and a first metal patch, where the metal floor is disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the metal floor is provided with a resonant-tank set; the first feed branch plate is disposed in parallel on an upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a first straight plate in the first feed branch plate is disposed opposite to the resonant-tank set along a substrate line; an end, in the first feed branch plate, far away from the substrate line is connected to the metal floor; and the first metal patch is connected to the metal floor through the first dielectric substrate along a first surface, in the second dielectric substrate, perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate.