A method for performing fast retransmission in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, is performed by a terminal, and comprises the steps of: receiving downlink data or transmitting uplink data; and performing a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) operation including retransmission, in which transmission and reception of a HARQ-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) for the downlink data or the uplink data are not present or retransmission scheduling is not present, for the downlink data and the uplink data.