A transfer robot comprises a movable chassis, a door frame vertically arranged on the movable chassis, and a temporary storage mechanism and a cargo box conveying mechanism which are arranged on the door frame, wherein the temporary storage mechanism is provided with a plurality of temporary storage spaces used for temporarily storing cargo boxes, and the cargo box conveying mechanism can stretch horizontally and lift vertically relative to the door frame so as to convey the cargo boxes between the temporary storage space and a temporary inventory container.