An electronic device includes a housing including a front surface and a rear surface; a display provided in the housing and exposed through the front surface of the housing; an illuminance sensor provided below a sensor area in an active area of the display, the active area being an area of the display in which visual information is to be displayed; and a processor connected to the display and the illuminance sensor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine an illuminance value based on data received from the illuminance sensor; obtain color information of an image displayed in the active area; determine a first color value of the active area and a second color value of the sensor area based on the color information; adjust the illuminance value based on the first color value and the second color value; and configure a luminance of the display based on the adjusted illuminance value.