Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for adaptive autonomous driving control. The apparatus includes memory in which at least one program is recorded and a processor for executing the program. The program may perform control of a target vehicle by converting a theoretical control value based on a vehicle control algorithm into a hardware-dependent control value, which is dependent on the platform or hardware of the target vehicle, and may modify at least one parameter or a conversion equation for conversion of the hardware-dependent control value such that an error is minimized based on the difference between a response value according to the control of the target vehicle and a control value.