Systems and methods for training and executing machine learning models to generate lane index values are disclosed. A method includes identifying a set of image data captured by at least one autonomous vehicle when the at least autonomous vehicle is positioned in a lane of a roadway and respective ground truth localization data; determining a plurality of lane index values for the set of image data based on the ground truth localization data; labeling the set of image data with the plurality of lane index values, the lane index values representing a number of lanes from a leftmost or rightmost lane to the lane in which the at least one autonomous vehicle was positioned; and training, using the labeled set of image data, a plurality of machine learning models that generate a left lane index value and a right lane index value as output.