An ECU upgrade method is provided, including: obtaining a set first encapsulation file, where the first encapsulation file encapsulates first vehicle model information and first upgrade content related information corresponding to the first vehicle model information; obtaining the first vehicle model information and the first upgrade content related information based on the first encapsulation file; obtaining first upgrade process related information corresponding to the first vehicle model information from a set memory based on the first vehicle model information; and performing ECU upgrade processing on a vehicle having the first vehicle model information based on the first upgrade process related information and the first upgrade content related information.