In one application the mix grafted and non grafted invention provides for high thermal conductivity resin that comprises a host resin matrix with a first class of grafted high thermal conductivity particles that are grafted to the host resin matrix. Also a second class of non-grafted high thermal conductivity particles that are not directly grafted the host resin matrix. The first class and the second class comprise approximately 2-60% by volume of the high thermal conductivity resin. The first class of grafted particles and the second class of non-grafted particles are high thermal conductivity fillers are from 1-1000 nm in length, and have an aspect ratio of between 3-100.