The electronic trip device comprises at least one current sensor, a rectifying circuit to supply a supply current, an electronic processing unit to control an actuator designed to actuate an opening mechanism of the main conductor, and an electric power supply circuit equipped with a voltage regulator designed to supply a supply voltage to the electronic processing unit. In the electronic trip device, the power supply circuit comprises voltage raising means enabling a raised voltage to be supplied to the input of the voltage regulator designed to supply the supply voltage to the electronic processing unit, said raised voltage being greater than a voltage at the terminals of the storage capacitor. The invention also relates to a circuit breaker equipped with the electronic trip device described above.