A method and apparatus for processing a line pattern using a convolution kernel. An apparatus for processing a line pattern, the apparatus including a light source module radiating predetermined light and a camera module capturing an image of an object, onto which the light is radiated, the apparatus processing a line pattern included in the captured image, includes: a kernel learning unit determining a kernel shape and an optimal threshold value with respect to each vertical interval of the image using a simple line pattern formed at a predetermined location; a convolution application unit applying convolution to a captured test image using the determined kernel shape and optimal threshold value; and a region selection unit scanning each pixel column in the image, to which the convolution is applied, in a vertical direction, and setting pixel values of pixel groups other than a selected pixel group to 0 when a plurality of pixel groups having pixel values other than 0 exists.