A vehicle anti-theft apparatus and method can prevent the theft of a vehicle and the illegal use thereof without increased costs. The apparatus includes an IC card carried by a user of a vehicle, an IC card reader in the vehicle for reading information contained in the IC card, and an authentication processing section in the vehicle for authenticating the user when the vehicle is used. The IC card includes a memory for storing identification information and use time limit information of the vehicle. The IC card reader reads the identification information and the use time limit information stored in the memory. When the identification information of the IC card and authentication identification information stored beforehand in the vehicle coincide with each other, and when a current time is within a use time limit of the use time limit information, the authentication processing section permits the use of the vehicle.