A molecule measuring apparatus capable of controlling the drawing directions of molecules always in a uniaxial direction in a measurement performed by extending and retracting the molecules on a substrate. In the apparatus, a cantilever (200) lifts one end of a molecule (900) on the substrate (100), and a control section controls the peeling point of the molecules, which is a boundary between the portion of the molecule (900) in contact with the substrate (100) and the portion of the molecule (900) separated from the substrate (100) by the lifting, and the position of the cantilever (200) so that the peeling point and the position of the cantilever (200) are positioned vertical to the substrate (100).