A conveying apparatus includes a conveying unit that includes a conveying passage for conveying a conveyed material, and a positioning and holding unit that holds the conveying unit while positioning the conveying unit. The positioning and holding unit includes a plate-shaped member having at least one protruding portion, the plate-shaped member constitutes a part of the conveying passage, and the at least one protruding portion protrudes towards the conveying passage which the conveyed material passes through.